European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity 11, 5 (2018) | DOI: 10.5507/euj.2018.001

Wheelchair basketball: fitness and quality of life

Natan Feter, Chaiane Calonego, Allana Carla Cavanhi, Fabricio Boscolo del Vecchio
Superior School of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil

Abstract: The study aimed to assess the physical activity (PA) level, subjective perception of quality of life (QOL), muscle strength, flexibility, and agility in wheelchair basketball (WB) players from Pelotas/RS. The sample consisted of 10 WB amateur athletes. For muscle strength, it was applied three isometric handgrip tests - maximum handgrip test (MIHS in kgf), sub-maximum handgrip test (to assess strength endurance at 70% of MIHS (70MIHS in s) and scapular isometric test (SIS), - and two isotonic tests to measure strength endurance (maximum repetitions in 1 min) in: i) elbow flexor muscles (EFS) and ii) shoulder abductors (SAS). To evaluate agility, it was conducted adapted 20-m Shuttle Run (SR). For flexibility, it was adopted Apley’s and Back Stretch tests. Physical activity and QOL were measured by IPAQ and WHOQOL–bref, respectively. After that, descriptive statistics and t test were used with significance level at 5%. The performance in MIHS, 70MIHS, SIS, EFS, SAS and Apley’s test was, respectively, 46.17±5.06 kgf, 49.31±15.75 s, 28.44±11.53 kgf, 37.10±9.89 reps, 28.30±6.56 reps and 12.70±10.94 to right side and 47.51±8.98 kgf, 45.41±11.28 s, 30.75±12.64 kgf, 40.40±7.79 reps, 29.80±5.55 reps and 13.35±5.06 cm to left side. The athletes reached 93.00±10.92 cm in the Back Stretch (cm) test and 16.23±1.93 s in the SR. They showed 736±120 min/week of moderate and 467±191.4 min/week of vigorous PA, and the WHOQOL-bref overall score was 67.62±5.45 au. The WB players exhibited QOL near from reference values and superior performance in agility test when compared with people with physical disabilities from other sports.

Keywords: adapted sport; spinal cord injury; physical fitness; muscle strength

Received: October 13, 2018; Accepted: October 16, 2018; Prepublished online: October 19, 2018; Published: November 22, 2018  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Feter, N., Calonego, C., Cavanhi, A.C., & del Vecchio, F.B. (2018). Wheelchair basketball: fitness and quality of life. European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity, 11(1), 5. doi: 10.5507/euj.2018.001
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Barreto, M. A., de Paula, O. R., & Ferreira EL. (2010). Motor variables' study in athletes of the sportive wheelchair dance Brazilian Journal of Science and Movement, 18(2), 5-10.
    2. Brunelli, S., Traballesi, M., Averna, T., Polidori P. P. L., di Carlo C., di Giusto C., & Marchetti, M. (2006) Field tests for evaluating elite wheelchair basketball players: principles and practices. 1.ed. Roma: Graphic Art 6 srl.
    3. Cardoso, V. D. (2011). Rehabilitation of people with disabilities through adapted sport. Brazilian Journal of Sport Sciences, 2, 529-539. doi:10.1590/S0101-32892011000200017 Go to original source...
    4. Cardoso, V. D., Palma, LE., Bastos, T. C. L., & Corredeira, R. M. N. (2014). Fitness related-physical evaluation in wheelchair handball athletes performance. Journal of Brazilian Adapted Motor Activity Association, 13(1), 14-19.
    5. C¸etin, M., C¸aglayan, H. S., Ki˙ri˙mog˘lu, H., & C¸okluk, G. F. (2011). The correlation between depression and life quality in players of the Regional Wheelchair Basketball League. World Applied Sciences Journal, 14(5), 739-744.
    6. Cohen, J. (1994). The Earth Is Round (p < .05). American Psychologist, 49(12), 997-1003. Go to original source...
    7. Cools, A. M., Johansson, F. R., Cambier, D. C., Velde, A. V., Palmans, T., & Witvrouw, E. E. (2010). Descriptive profile of scapulothoracic position, strength and flexibility variables in adolescent elite tennis players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(9), 678-684. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.070128. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Fay, K., Breslin, G., Czyz˙, S. H., & Pizlo, Z. (2013). An especial skill in elite wheelchair basketball players. Human Movement Science, 32(4), 708-718. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2012.08.005. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Finley, M., & Rodgers, M. (2004). Prevalence and identification of shoulder pathology in athletic and nonathletic wheelchair users with shoulder pain: a pilot study. Journal Of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 41(3B), 395-402. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Fiorilli G., Iuliano E., Aquino G., Battaglia C., Giombini A., Calcagno G., & di Cagno A. (2013). Mental health and social participation skills of wheelchair basketball players: A controlled study. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(11), 3679-3685. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.08.023 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Fleck, M., Louzada, S., Xavier, M., Chachamovich, E., Vieira, G., Santos, L., & Pinzon, V. (2000). Application of the Portuguese version of the abbreviated instrument of quality life WHOQOL-bref. Journal of Public Health, 34(2), 178-183. Go to original source...
    12. Gracia-Marco, L., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Casajus, J. A., Molnar, D., Castillo, M. J., & Moreno, L. A. (2011). Effect of fitness and physical activity on bone mass in adolescents: the HELENA Study. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(11), 2671-2680. doi:10.1007/s00421-011-1897-0 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Goosey-Tolfrey, V., & Moss, A. (2005). Wheelchair velocity of tennis players during propulsion with and without the use of racquets. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 22(3), 291-301. doi:10.1123/apaq.22.3.291 Go to original source...
    14. Gorgatti, M., & Bohme, M. (2002). Upper body power and agility in wheelchair basketball players. Journal of Brazilian Adapted Motor Activity Association, 7(1), 9-14.
    15. Gorgatti, M., & Bohme, M. (2011). Potencia de Membros Superiores e Agilidade em Jogadores de Basquetebol em Cadeira de Rodas [Upper body power and agility in wheelchair basketball players]. Journal of Sobama/Revista da Sobama, 7(1), 9-14.
    16. Gorla J. I., Araujo P. F., Calegari R. A., Carminato R. A., & Silva A. A. C. (2007). The body composition of wheelchair basketball individuals with spinal cord injury. Archives of Health Sciences of UNIPAR, 11(1), 39-44.
    17. Guedes, D. P., & Guedes, J. E. R. P. (2012). Physical activity, physical fitness, and health. Brazilian Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 1(1), 18-35.
    18. Henriksson, J. T. A., Katz, A., & Sahlin, K. (1986). Redox state changes in human skeletal muscle after isometric contractions. The Journal of Physiology, 380, 441-451. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Hesseberg, K., Bentzen, H., & Bergland, A. (2015). Reliability of the Senior Fitness Test in Community-dwelling Older People with Cognitive Impairment. Physiotherapy Research International, 20(1), 37-44. doi:10.1002/pri.1594. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. IPAQ Research Committee. (2005). Guidelines for data processing and analysis of the International Physical Activity Questions (IPAQ)-short and long forms. Retrieved from https://sites.google.com/site/theipaq/scoring-protocol
    21. International Paralympic Committee (2015). International Paralympic Committee Style Guide. Retrieved from https://www.paralympic.org/sites/default/files/document/130507184600562_IPC+Style+Guide.pdf .
    22. Kawanishi, C. Y., & Greguol, M. (2013). Physical activity, quality of life, and functional autonomy of adults with spinal cord injuries. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 30(4), 317-337. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Kawazu, T., Tajima, F., Makino, K., Okawa, H., Umezu, Y., Akatsu, Y., & Ogata, H. (1999). Isokinetic strength of elbow extensor muscles correlates with race time in wheelchair half marathon racers. Journal of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 21(1), 13-21. Go to original source...
    24. Kinoshita, T., Nakamura, T., Umemoto, Y., Kojima, D., Moriki, T., Mitsui, T., Goto, M., Ishida, Y., & Tajima, F. (2013). Increase in interleukin-6 immediately after wheelchair basketball games in persons with spinal cord injury: preliminary report. Spinal Cord, 51(6), 508-510. doi:10.1038/sc.2013.4. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. Kraschnewski, J. L., Sciamanna, C. N., Poger, J. M., Rovniak, L. S., Lehman, E. B., Cooper, A. B., ... & Ciccolo, J. T. (2016). Is strength training associated with mortality benefits? A 15year cohort study of US older adults. Preventive Medicine, 87, 121-127. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.038. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Leduc, B., & Lepage, Y. (2002). Health-related quality of life after spinal cord injury. Disability and Rehabilitation, 24, 196-202. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Marshall A, Bauman A. (2001) The International Physical Activity Questionnaire: summary report of the reliability & validity studies. The IPAQ Executive Committee.
    28. Mason, B., van der Woude, L., Lenton, J. P., & Goosey-Tolfrey, V. (2012). The effect of wheel size on mobility performance in wheelchair athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(10), 807-812. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. McVeigh, S. A., Hitzig, S. L., & Craven, B. C. (2009). Influence of sport participation on community integration and quality of life: a comparison between sport participants and non-sport participants with spinal cord injury. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 32(2), 115-124. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    30. Mercier, C., & Bourbonnais, D. (2004). Relative shoulder flexor and handgrip strength is related to upper limb function after stroke. Clinical Rehabilitation, 18(2), 215-221. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    31. Mulroy, S. J., Hatchett, P., Eberly, V. J., Haubert, L. L., Conners, S., & Requejo, P. S. (2015). Shoulder strength and physical activity predictors of shoulder pain in people with paraplegia from spinal injury: prospective cohort study. Physical Therapy, 95(7), 1027-1038. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20130606. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    32. National Wheelchair Basketball Association (2016, December). History of the National Wheelchair Basketball Association. Retrieved from https://www.nwba.org/history
    33. Oudejans, R. R., Heubers, S., Ruitenbeek, J. R. J., & Janssen, T. W. (2012). Training visual control in wheelchair basketball shooting. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 83(3), 464-469. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    34. Ortega, F. B., Silventoinen, K., Tynelius, P., & Rasmussen, F. (2012). Muscular strength in male adolescents and premature death: cohort study of one million participants. British Medical Journal, 345, e7279. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e7279. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    35. Ozmen, T., Yuktasir, B., Yildirim, N. U., Yalcin, B., & Willems, M. E., (2014). Explosive strength training improves speed and agility in wheelchair basketball athletes. Brazilian Journal of Sports Medicine, 20(2), 97-100. doi:10.1590/1517-86922014200201568. Go to original source...
    36. Pardini, R., Matsudo, S., Araújo, T., Matsudo, V., Andrade, E., Braggion, G., Andrade, D., Oliveira, L., Figueira, A., & Raso, V. (2001). Validation of the International Physical Activity Questionaire (IPAQ version 6): pilot study in Brazilian young adults. Brazilian Journal of Science and Movement, 9(3), 39-44.
    37. Pereira, L. C., & Gabriel, M. G. (2006) Incidence of sports injuries in wheelchair basketball athletes (Unpublished thesis). Amazonia University, Belém.
    38. Power, M. J., & Green, A. M. (2010). Development of the WHOQOL disabilities module. Quality of Life Research, 19(4), 571-584. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    39. Reis, M. M., & Arantes, P. M. M. (2011). Assessment of hand grip strength - validity and reliability of the saehan dynamometer. Physical Therapy and Research, 18, 176-81. doi:10.1590/S1809-29502011000200013. Go to original source...
    40. Ruiz, J. R., Sui, X., Lobelo, F., Morrow, J. R., Jackson, A. W., Sjo¨stro¨m, M., & Blair, S. N. (2008). Association between muscular strength and mortality in men: prospective cohort study. British Medical Journal, 337, a439. doi:10.1136/bmj.a439. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    41. Saebu, M., & Sorensen, M. (2011). Factors associated with physical activity among young adults with a disability. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 21(5), 730-738. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01097.x. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    42. Sheppard, J. M., Young, W. B., Doyle, T. L. A., Sheppard, T. A., & Newton, R. U. (2006). An evaluation of a new test of reactive agility and its relationship to sprint speed and change of direction speed. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 9(4), 342-349. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    43. Sherrill, C. (2004). Adapted physical activity, recreation and sport: Cross disciplinary and lifespan. (6th ed.) Dubuque, IA: Brown & Benchmark.
    44. Silva, M. C. R., Oliveira, R. J., & Conceic¸a~o, M. I. G. (2005). Effects of swimming on the functional independence of patients with spinal cord injury. Brazilian Journal of Sports Medicine, 11(4), 251-254. doi: 10.1590/S1517-86922005000400010. Go to original source...
    45. Winnick, J. P., & Short, F. X. (2001). The Brockport physical fitness test manual: a health-related assessment for youngsters with disabilities. Barueri, SP: Manole.
    46. World Health Organization (1996). WHOQOL-BREF: introduction, administration, scoring and generic version of the assessment: field trial version. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mental_health/media/en/76.pdf?ua=1 .
    47. Yanci, J., Granados, C., & Otero, M. (2015). Sprint, agility, strength and endurance capacity in wheelchair basketball players. Biology of Sport, 32(1), 71-78. doi:10.5604/20831862.1127285. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    48. Zanchet M. A., & Del Vecchio F. B. (2013). Effects of kinesio taping on maximal and endurance strength in paddle players. Physical Therapy in Movement, 26 (1): 115-121. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31828a2c17. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    49. Sporner, M. L., Grindle, G. G., Kelleher, A., Teodorski, E. E., Cooper, R., & Cooper, R. A. (2009). Quantification of activity during wheelchair basketball and rugby at the National Veterans Wheelchair Games: A pilot study. Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 33(3), 210-217. doi:10.1080/03093640903051816. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    50. Turbanski, S., & Schmidtbleicher, D. (2010). Effects of heavy resistance training on strength and power in upper extremities in wheelchair athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(1), 8-16. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bdddda. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    51. Van Straaten, M. G., Cloud, B. A., Morrow, M. M., Ludewig, P. M., & Zhao, K. D. (2014). Effectiveness of home exercise on pain, function, and strength of manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury: a high-dose shoulder program with telerehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 95(10), 1810- 1817. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2014.05.004. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content