European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity 3, 7-17 (2010) | DOI: 10.5507/euj.2010.001
KINESIOLOGIC AND METABOLIC RESPONSES OF PERSONS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY TO SUSTAINED EXERCISE ON A PETRA RACE RUNNER
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
The purpose of this study was to investigate if the performance and metabolic response of cerebral palsy (CP)-athletes to a sustained submaximal exercise on a Petra Race Runner (PRR) was confirm their CP-ISRA classification. Furthermore, the impact of fatigue on the quality of propulsive movement was assessed. Nine athletes with CP from CP-ISRA classes CP1 up to CP6 took part in a 12 minute Cooper Test using a PRR. Changes in heart rate, blood lactate and pace per minute were monitored throughout the test. Results showed that heart rate rose immediately to high levels (a mean of over 160 after the first minute), and was sustained at this level through the test. Blood lactate concentration increased in a curvilinear pattern, but was subject to much inter-individual difference. Analysis from video recordings showed that participants maintained a very consistent movement pattern (step-length, stride frequency) as they became fatigued in the later stages of the Cooper test. The results clearly demonstrated the limitations of using the CP-ISRA classes for PRR competition. No evidence was generated showing an adverse impact of sustained submaximal PRR on the quality of propulsive movement.
Keywords: Petra bike, Cerebral palsy, Cooper test, Heart rate, Paralympics
Prepublished online: February 5, 2011; Published: March 31, 2010 Show citation
ACS | AIP | APA | ASA | Harvard | Chicago | Chicago Notes | IEEE | ISO690 | MLA | NLM | Turabian | Vancouver |
References
- Bell, E., & Watson, A. (1986). The prevention of positional deformity in cerebral palsy. Physiotherapy Practice, 2, 86-92.
Go to original source...
- Bobath, B. (1990). Adult hemiplegia: evaluation and treatment. 3rd ed. London: William Heinemann Medical Books.
- Blundell, S.W., Shepherd, R.B., Dean, C.M., & Adams, R.D. (2003). Functional strength training in cerebral palsy: a pilot study of a group circuit training class for children aged 4-8 years. Clinical Rehabilitation, 17, 4857.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Chappel, R. (2002). Sports for persons with cerebral palsy. Course notes for European Masters Degree in Adapted Physical Activity, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Belgium.
- Cooper, C.B., & Storer, T.W. (2001). Exercise testing and interpretation: a practical approach. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Go to original source...
- Cooper, R.A., Quatrano, L.A., Axelson, P.W., Harlan, W., Stineman, M., Franklin, B.A., Krause, J.S., Bach, J., Chambers, H., Chao, E.Y.S., Alexander, M., & Painter, P. (1999). Research on physical activity and health among people with disabilities: a consensus statement. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 36, 142-154.
Go to PubMed...
- Corrigan, B. & Maitland, G.D. (1994). Musculoskeletal and Sports Injuries. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
- Damiano, D.L. (2006). Activity, Activity, Activity: Rethinking our physical therapy approach to cerebral palsy. Physical Therapy, 86, 1534-1540.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Darrah, J., Wessel, J., Nearingburg, P., & O'Connor M. (1999). Evaluation of a community fitness program for adolescents with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 11, 18-23.
Go to original source...
- Dodd, K.J., Taylor, N.F., & Damiano, D.L. (2002). A systematic review of the effectiveness of strength training programs for people with cerebral palsy. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 83, 1157-1164.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Fowler, E.G., Ho, T.W., Nwigwe, A.I., & Dorey F.J. (2001). The effect of quadriceps femoris muscle strengthening exercises on spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Physical Therapy, 81, 1215-1223.
Go to original source...
- Hoofwijk, M., Unnithan, V., & Bar-OR, O. (1995). Maximal treadmill performance of children with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Exercise Science, 7, 305-313.
Go to original source...
- Lundberg, A., & Pernow, B. (1970). The effects of physical training on oxygen utilisation and lactate formation in the exercising muscle of adolescents with motor handicaps. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, 26, 89-96.
Go to original source...
- Miller, G.J.T., & Light, K.E. (1997). Strength training in spastic hemiparesis: should it be avoided? NeuroRehabilitation, 9, 17-28.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Morton, J.F., Brownlee, M., & McFadyen, A.K. (2005). The effects of progressive resistance training for children with cerebral palsy. Clinical Rehabilitation. 19, 283-289.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Palisano, R.J., Snider, L. M., & Orlin, M.N. (2004). Recent advances in physical and occupational therapy for children with cerebral palsy. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 11, 66-77.
Go to original source...
- Richter, K.J., Gaebler-Spira, D., & Mushett, C.A. (1996). Sport and the person with spasticity of cerebral origin. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 38, 867870.
Go to original source...
- Rimmer, J.H. (2001). Physical fitness levels of persons with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 43, 208-212.
Go to original source...
- Sjodin, B., Schele, R., Karlsson, J., Linnarsson, D., & Wallensten, R. (1982). The physiological background of onset to blood lactate accumulation. In P. Komi (Ed) Exercise and Sport Biology. International Series on Sport Sciences, Vol. 12. Illinois, USA: Human Kinetics.
- Unnithan, V.B., Clifford, C., & Bar-OR, O. (1999). Evaluation by exercise testing of the child with cerebral palsy. Sports Medicine, 26, 239-251.
Go to original source...
- Wind, W.M., Schwend, R. M., & Larson, J. (2004). Sports for the physically challenged child. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 12, 126-137.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.